Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies health science, biomedical research, and medical technology to diagnose and treat injury and disease, typically through medication, surgery, or some other form of therapy. The word medicine is derived from the Latin ars medicina, meaning the art of healing.
Family medicine doctors may hold one of the following medical degrees, either (M.D.), MBBS, MBChB, etc) or (D.O.) degree. Physician who specialize in family medicine (also known as a family physician), however, must complete a three-year family medicine residency in addition to their medical degree, and are eligible for the board certification now required by most hospitals and health plans.
The term “family medicine” is used in many European countries instead of “general medicine” or “general practice”. In Sweden, certification in family medicine needs five years working with tutor, after the medical degree. Similar systems have been implemented in other countries.
Yoga began as the science of quieting the mind. The first text on yoga, believed to be the first text of any kind, is attributed to Patanjali. He was also the first grammarian, and a physician. His Yoga Sutras (Threads of Yoga) begins with the phrase Yoga chitta-vritti-nirodhah. “Yoga is inhibition of the different states of mind” (1). The goal of a completely unmodified consciousness pervades every aspect of Yoga. It is held up as the best arbiter for individual decision-making and the ultimate aim of life. The idea is that an unprejudiced and unemotional examination of a situation is the most successful. Yet the principle of unattached evaluation is itself recommended not on empirical or rational, but rather intuitive grounds. The science of Yoga has never endeavored to prove the value of unattachment. Those who value Yoga simply believe it.
19th century in France
Foreign women opened the doors of the french
hospitals and universities :
Elizabeth Blacwell (USA) at the Maternité Port
Royal
